Human Trafficking
Group number 1
Members: Jillian Mandell, Lea Prihoda, Bri Meyer, Kody
Gilliland Amelia Heintzelman, Courtney Harnish
United States Team –
Bri and Amelia
Bri (Labor Trafficking)
·
The different industries of labor trafficking
in the US include; agriculture and farms, domestic work, hostess and strip
clubs, restaurants and food service, factories, peddling and begging rings, and
also hospitality industry.
· One big way to take action is by
telling your congressperson to act on critical anti trafficking legislation.
This will really get the ball rolling in order for more regulations to be
passed.
Sources:
Baldas, Tresa. "Human Trafficking
a Growing Crime in the U.S." USATODAY.COM.
N.p., n.d. Web. 30
Sept. 2012. <http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/nation/2012-01-22-us-human-trafficking_N.htm>.
"Human Trafficking Into and Within
the United States: A Review of the Literature." U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Sept. 2012. <http://aspe.hhs.gov/hsp/07/humantrafficking/litrev/>.
"Labor Trafficking in the
US." Polaris Project. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Sept. 2012. <http://www.polarisproject.org/human-trafficking/labor-trafficking-in-the-us>.
"Trafficking Victim's Protection
Act of 2000." N.p., n.d. Web.
Amelia (Sex Trafficking)
·
83% of the women interviewed for this study
entered the sex industry before the age of 25
·
Pimps and other traffickers are often
responsible for other criminal activity including fraud, extortion, migrant
smuggling, theft, and money laundering
·
Women who are targeted by pimps and traffickers
are often in economic desperation, have a lack of reliable income, live in
poverty, have lack of family support, appear vulnerable
·
Methods of control include isolation,
controlling monetary income, threats, intimidation, drug and alcohol
dependencies, physical and sexual violence
· Although sex trafficking tends
to be stereotyped as an immigration issue equal attention must be given to
legislation against trafficking to both international and US women
·
Official definition of trafficking included in Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish
Trafficking in Persons Especially Women and Children: “Trafficking in
persons’ shall mean the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring, or
receipt of persons, by the threat or use of force, by abduction, fraud,
deception (inducement) coercion or the abuse of power, or by the giving or
receiving of payments to achieve the consent of a person having control over
another person, for the purpose of exploitation (irrespective of the consent of
the person): exploitations shall include, at a minimum, (the exploitation of
prostitution or other forms of sexual exploitation) forced labor of serviced
slavery or practices similar to slavery or servitude
·
Factors promoting sex trafficking include (but
are not limited to) gender based social and economic inequality, male demand
for sexual entertainment, expansion of transnational sex industries,
globalization of capital and information technology, armed conflict
·
Approx. 50,000 women and children are trafficked
each year into the US from other regions including Latin America, Russia, and
Southeast Asia
· Legalization and regulation has
been proposed as answer to abuse
Source:
Gomez, Carol J. “Sex Trafficking of Women in the United
States; International and Domestic
Trends.” National Institute of Justice. March
2001: 7-119. Web. 30 September 2012.
European (Eastern
Europe) Team – Jillian and Kody
Kody (Labor Trafficking)
·
18% of the total of human trafficking
is labor. Although, that might be a low estimate to the amount of people
that are really in labor trafficking
·
The department's report also says slave
labor in developing countries such as Brazil, China and India was fueling part
of their huge economic growth. Other countries on the blacklist were Algeria,
Cuba, Fiji, Iran, Myanmar, Moldova, North Korea, Papua New Guinea, Sudan and
Syria.
Source:
"Sex Trade: Forced Labor Top U.N.
Human Trafficking List." CNN. Cable News Network, n.d. Web. 30 Sept. 2012. <http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/02/16/un.trafficking/>.
Jillian (Sex Trafficking)
·
Macedonia
is one of the worst areas for sex trafficking abuse
·
CNN
news clip of story from Velesta (town in Macedonia)
·
So hard to stop because so many police
officers are on the payroll for the sex traffickers, traffickers/traders always
get tipped off before a raid occurs but hard to figure out who is involved/who
isn’t
·
Most
women have bosses or owners and may never even know their true name
·
Have
sex with as many as 10-18 men per day
·
NATO
soldiers are “common customers”
·
In Europe alone, officials estimate that more than 200,000 women
and girls — one-quarter of all women trafficked globally
·
Smuggled out of Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet
republics each year
·
The rapid rise of this sex slave trade can be traced to the fall
of the Soviet Union
·
Moldova (really bad area)
·
“Moldovans are a hybrid population of Russians, Romanians, Jews,
Ukrainians and Bulgarians,” Revenko said. “That creates a special race of women
that are beautiful and in demand. They have no future. They are a good target
for the traffickers.”
·
“In Velesta, a town so small that the 120 Moldovan girls working
as prostitutes there make up a sizeable part of the population, the sex slaves
are rarely seen during the day. Kept under lock and key in the back rooms of a
dozen “kafane,” or café-bars that double as brothels, they are summoned by
their owners when a customer arrives. Then the girls, most in their late teens
or early 20s, are paraded in skimpy lingerie before clients who “pick us
according to their tastes,” said Irina, a Moldovan who answered a want-ad to be
a waitress in Italy, but ended up trapped in a Balkans brothel instead of
working in a restaurant in southern Sicily.” -CNN
·
Billions in profits
·
Lack of laws/laws that are not enforced
·
SOURCE:
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/3071965/ns/us_news-only/t/infiltrating-europes-shameful-trade-human-beings/#.UGj1d81DF2k
o good video of Europe
specific stories
§
global post
Source:
The Price of Sex.
Dir. Mimi Chakarova. 2011. Price of Sex. Web. <http://priceofsex.org/>.
Africa Team – Lea and Courtney
Lea
(Labor Trafficking)
·
27
million slaves worldwide, the most at any point in human history
·
Majority
of slaves can be found in African and Asian countries
· It is possible to end slavery in 25 years if everyone takes a part
(government, businesses, organizations, everyday people)
·
Slaves
work in cocoa, coffee, cotton, fishery, mines, domestic servitude, and
prostitutes
·
Today,
a slave costs on average $90, whereas in 1850 a slave could cost about $40,000
in today’s money. This is a historical
low
·
In
Ghana, children are given up by their families to work in fisheries near Lake
Volta
·
Many
families are promised that their children are going off to a better life and will
have an education
· Must ask the community what the best solution may be since what works
in one place does not work in another
· Education is key, many centers revolve around educating the children in
basic skills like reading (especially those children that come from villages
with high illiteracy)
·
In Ghana, parents are taught job skills
before being reunited with their children so they do not fall into the trap
·
Children
as young as three can be lured into trafficking
·
Children
human trafficking is prevalent among orphans who must become the breadwinners
·
Most children endured beatings and
psychological abuse, including death threats and warnings they would never see
their parents again
·
Many
of the countries’ governments do not comply with the Trafficking
Victims Protection Act minimum standards
·
Many
are abused (little food, no schooling, long days)
·
Groups
are working toward stopping slavery
o
Challenging
Heights (Ghana)
o
Free
the Slaves (International)
Sources:
"Free the Slaves." Free
the Slaves. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Oct. 2012. <https://www.freetheslaves.net/>.
Kim, Kyle. "U.S. Report: Worst
Human Trafficking in Africa, Middle East." Social Capital Review.
N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Oct. 2012. <http://socialcapitalreview.org/u-s-report-worst-human-trafficking-in-africa-middle-east/>.
"West Africa: Stop Trafficking in
Child Labor." Human Rights Watch. N.p., n.d. Web. 01Oct. 2012.
<http://www.hrw.org/news/2003/04/01/west-africa-stop-trafficking-child-labor>.
Courtney (Sex Trafficking)
·
United Nations
Children’s Fund (UNICEF) estimate that profits from human trafficking in West
Africa are exceeded only by the trade in weapons and drugs
·
Benin, Côte
d’Ivoire, Gabon, Mali, Nigeria, Togo, Cameroon, Burkina Faso, Guinea and Niger
are both suppliers and receivers of trafficked children.
·
A UNICEF
investigation in 1998 was used to identify factors that influence child
trafficking and they found that poverty, cultural values and traditional belief
systems all weaken the protection of child rights and encourage children
towards traffickers.
·
According to the
UNICEF study, some other factors that encourage and support child trafficking
include:
•
Lack of vocational
and economic opportunities for the youth in rural areas;
•
Insufficient and/or
inaccessible educational opportunities;
•
Ignorance on the
part of families and children of the risks involved in trafficking, such as
severe abuse, rape, torture, exposure to HIV & AIDS and even to
psychological risks related to separation and emotional isolation;
•
Traditional
migration of adults within the framework of economic activities;
•
High demand for
cheap and submissive labour in the informal economic sector;
•
Opportunities to
travel, provided through easy means of communication and transport;
•
The desire of young
people for liberation through migration; and
•
Institutional lapses
such as inadequate political commitment, non-existent national legislation
against child trafficking and absence of a judicial framework allowing for the
perpetrators of trafficking to be held accountable for their acts.
·
The International
Labour Organisation (ILO) estimated that in 2006, the incidence of child labour
in Nigeria for children aged between 10 and 14 amounted to roughly 12 million
·
Women run an equally
high risk of being trafficked, and while children are sometimes trafficked for
prostitution purposes, women are more likely to be trafficked into the sex
industry as sex slaves.
·
South Africa is the
primary African destination of trafficked women because it is the regional
power house, and its image as a destination of opportunities is regularly used
by traffickers to lure women and girls into trafficking traps.
·
The majority of
people trafficked to South Africa are from ten countries, namely Angola,
Botswana, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique,
Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe (5).
·
traffickers identify
women who are socio-economically deprived and then convince these women to
leave their circumstances and travel with them. False promises of food, other
material goods and employment convince the victims to willingly accompany the
traffickers.
·
In the case of
Mozambique, women may also be recruited at taxi stands by taxi drivers who
offer women cheap fares. They will proceed through the border without incident;
only once through border control are the women forcefully held against their
will
Sources:
Consultancy Africa Intelligence.
"Human Trafficking in Africa: A Modern Day Evil." Consultancy Africa Intelligence. N.p.,
n.d. Web. <http://www.consultancyafrica.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=articl e&id=233&Itemid=156>.
Skinner, E. Benjamin. "South
Africa's New Slave Trade and the Campaign to Stop It." Time. Time, 18 Jan. 2010. Web. 01
Oct. 2012. <http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1952335,00.html>.
CONCLUSIONS:
Human trafficking is in every part of
the world. Most that are put into it are
told promises of a better life with education and job skills. It is usually too late before they realize
that they were lied to. Violence and
abuse is often used whether it is sex or labor trafficking. Many victims are exported to other countries
and originally bought for very little (In some places, people can be sold for
as little as $5-$10). To stop trafficking,
it takes work from everyone.
